What is HEIC? Why iPhones use this format?

If you have transferred photos from an iPhone or iPad to a Windows PC recently, you might have encountered a file extension that you cannot open: .HEIC. Unlike the familiar .JPG or .PNG, this format often leaves users confused. What exactly is it, and why is Apple forcing us to use it?

The Definition of HEIC

HEIC stands for High Efficiency Image Container. It is Apple's proprietary name for the HEIF (High Efficiency Image File Format) standard. Apple adopted this format starting with iOS 11 in 2017 to replace the aging JPEG standard.

The primary goal of HEIC is simple but ambitious: to store high-quality images in smaller file sizes than ever before.

HEIC vs. JPG: The Showdown

Why switch from a universal format like JPG to something new? Let's look at the data:

• Compression Efficiency: HEIC files are typically 50% smaller than a JPG file of the same visual quality. This means a 128GB iPhone can hold twice as many photos.
• Color Depth: JPG uses 8-bit color, while HEIC supports 16-bit color. This is crucial for modern HDR photography, capturing smoother gradients in sunsets and skies.
• Features: HEIC is a container, meaning it can store multiple images (Live Photos), audio, and transparency in a single file. JPG cannot do this.

The Compatibility Problem

Despite its technical superiority, HEIC has a major flaw: compatibility. While the Apple ecosystem (macOS, iOS) handles it natively, the rest of the world has been slow to catch up.

• Windows: Windows 10 and 11 can open HEIC files, but often require installing the "HEIF Image Extensions" from the Microsoft Store (which sometimes costs money).
• Web Browsers: Chrome, Edge, and Firefox generally do not support displaying HEIC files directly on websites.
• Android: Modern Android phones (Android 9+) support it, but older ones do not.

How to Handle HEIC Files?

If you are stuck with HEIC files on a Windows PC, you have three main options:

1. Use an Online Converter

This is the easiest method. Tools like Xoupai HEIC Converter allow you to drag and drop files and download them as JPGs instantly. The best part is that modern converters run locally in your browser, so your photos are not uploaded to a server.

2. Change iPhone Settings

You can tell your iPhone to stop using HEIC. Go to Settings > Camera > Formats and select "Most Compatible". Note that this will use more storage space.

3. Install Windows Extensions

Search for "HEIF Image Extensions" in the Microsoft Store. Once installed, the Windows Photos app will treat HEIC just like JPG.

Conclusion

HEIC is undoubtedly the future of mobile photography due to its efficiency and quality. However, until the rest of the digital world fully adopts it, we will continue to need conversion tools. Whether you choose to convert them or adapt your workflow, understanding HEIC is essential for any modern iPhone user.